|
from
|
duration years
|
invention
|
|
1784
|
86
|
steam engine
|
|
1870
|
99
|
electricity
|
|
1969
|
90
|
computer
|
The industrial revolution can be divided into longer subperiods which are determined by a single key innovation which are steam engine, electricity and the computer. In contrast to a popular description, the model consists of only 3 phases with each around 90 years duration. The last period, the computer revolution, can be subdivided into smaller phases which are the generations of computer technology like transistor, microchips, the internet and Artificial intelligence. These sub-periods have only a duration of each 20 years.
The overall industrial revolution includes a period of 3x90=270 years and describe the technological change from simple agricultural society in 1784 towards robotics society in 2054.
The core component of the third period, the computer, can be found in very different versions. Computer is a term used for main frame univacs with a magnetic memory in the 1970s, its also used for home computers in the 1980s, and for more advanced desktop computer in the 2000s which were equipped with graphical operating systems. Also, a computer is needed to power routers which are connected over the internet, and a computer is needed to power recent large language models to enable artificial intelligence. Even if computers can be built in multiple ways, the device consists always of a CPU and a memory.
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